FIRST HUMAN 2

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 Able Hunters

Descendants of Homo heidelbergensis, the Neanderthals were the first inhabitants of Europe, western Asia and northern Africa. Diverse genetic studies have tried to determine whether it is a subspecies of Homo sapiens or a separate species. According to fossil evidence, Neanderthals were the first humans to adapt to the extreme climate of the glacial era, to carry out funerals and to care for sick individuals. With a brain capacity larger than that of present-day humans, Neanderthals were able to develop tools in the style of the Mousterian culture. The cause of their extinction is still under debate.                Homo neanderthalensis                                                                                                            The Middle Paleolithic (400,000 to 30.000 years ago) is dominated by the development of Homo neanderthalensis. In the content of the Mousterian culture, researchers have found traces of the first use of caves and other shelters for refuge from the cold. Hunters by nature H neanderthalensis created tools and diverse utensils, such as wooden hunting weapons with sharpened stone pointsHumans of the Ice Age Characterized as the caveman of the Ice Age, Hom neanderthalensis was able to use fire and diverse tools tha allowed it to work wood, skins and stones, among other material They used the skins to cover themselves from cold and to buil shelter, and the stones and the wood were key materials in the weapons used for hunting. The bone structure of their fossils reveal a skull with prominent ciliary arcs, sunken eyes, a wide nose an large upper teeth, probably used to grasp skins and other object during the process of rudimentary manufacture.                                                                                                       Man - hunter                                                                                                                                           Males were dedicated to the sears or food, while the women looked after children. It believed that Neanderthals hunted large prey over short distances. They used wooden spears with stone points and probably jumped on the prey.

The origin of the human species is still in debate, even though scientists have been able to establish that H. sapiens is not directly related to the Neanderthals. The most accepted scientific studies for dating Neanderthal fossils places the oldest specimens some 195,000 years ago in Africa. New genetic studies based on mitochondrial DNA have corroborated that date and have also contributed to determining the possible migration routes that permitted the slow expansion of H. sapiens to other continents. Meanwhile, the new discoveries raise unanswered questions about what happened in the course of the 150,000 years that preceded the great cultural revolution that characterizes H. sapiens and that occurred some 40,000 years ago with the appearance of Cro-Magnon in Europe.                                                    Theories of  Expansion                                                                                                                                  There is no agreement among scientists about how the expansion of Homo sapiens to the entire world took place. It is believed that the 'Mitochondrial Eve', the most recent common ancestor, lived in Africa, because the people of that continent have greater genetic diversity than those of the other continents. From there, in various migratory waves, Homo sapiens would have reached Asia, Australia and Europe. However, some scientists think that there were no such migrations but that modern humans evolved more or less simultaneously in various regions of the ancient world.

FIRST WAVE                                                                                                                                                   The modern humans would have left Africa some 60 000 years 200 and populated Asia and AustraliaAFRICAN CRADLE The majority of paleoanthropologists and geneticists agree that humans of today emerged in Africa. It is there they have found the oldest bones. Out of Africa According to this theory, modern man is an evolution of the archaic Homo sapiens that emerged in Africa. From there it would have extended to the rest of the world, overrunning the Neanderthals and primitive Homo sapiens. The anatomical differences between the races would have occurred in the last 40.000 years. Multiregional Evolution

     The theory of regional continuity. or multiregional evolution, states that the modern human developed simultaneously in diverse regions of the world, like the evolution of local archaic Homo sapiens. The last common ancestor would be a primitive Homo erectus that lived in Africa some 18 million years ago.







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